source: Active vs. Passive Learning · Collab Fund
🗒️我的笔记
if I asked, which do you think will lead to a healthier, happier relationship:
如果我问，你认为哪一项会带来更健康、更幸福的关系：
An arranged marriage by someone who doesn’t know you.
由一个不认识你的人包办的婚姻。
Spending years meeting hundreds of people with different backgrounds, figuring out what you want and don’t want, and serendipitously meeting your partner only when you both happen to be ready to settle down.
花费数年时间与数百个不同背景的人会面，弄清楚你想要什么和不想要什么，只有当你们都准备好安定下来时才偶然遇到你的伴侣。
The answer is obvious (to me, at least).
答案是显而易见的（至少对我来说）。
The first you could call active search. It’s managed on a timeline, has rules, and is done whether you’re ready or not.
第一个可以称为主动搜索。它是按时间表管理的，有规则，并且无论您是否准备好都会完成。
The second, let’s call passive. You’re in control and you let it happen whenever it happens given what you want and where you are in life.
第二个，我们称之为被动。你掌控一切，只要它发生，只要你想要什么，你在生活中处于什么位置，你就让它发生。
I think the same logic applies to what I’ve been thinking of as active vs. passive learning.
我认为同样的逻辑也适用于我一直认为的主动学习与被动学习。
I’d define it like this: 我会这样定义它：
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Active learning: Someone tells you what to learn, how to learn it, on a set schedule, on pre-selected standardized topics. 主动学习：有人告诉你要学什么，如何学，按照设定的时间表，在预先选择的标准化主题上。
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Passive learning: You let your mind wander with no intended destination. You read and learn broadly, talk to people from various backgrounds, and stumble haphazardly across topics you had never considered but spark your curiosity, often because it’s the topic you happen to need at that specific time of your life.
被动学习：你让你的思绪漫无目的。你广泛阅读和学习，与来自不同背景的人交谈，偶然发现你从未考虑过但激发你好奇心的话题，通常是因为它是你在人生的那个特定时刻碰巧需要的话题。 I like to keep two things in mind:
我喜欢记住两件事： -
1. Don’t contain your learning to your own profession or major. Read and learn as broadly as possible.
1.不要将学习局限于自己的职业或专业。尽可能广泛地阅读和学习。
A big part of passive learning is going out of your way to read and learn from the widest variety of topics you can, intentionally looking for similarities between different fields. When you do, you’ll be stunned at how easy and fun it is to stumble on a new idea that teaches you how the world works.
被动学习的很大一部分是不遗余力地阅读和学习尽可能广泛的主题，有意识地寻找不同领域之间的相似之处。当你这样做时，你会惊讶地发现偶然发现一个教你世界如何运作的新想法是多么容易和有趣。 If you’re in business, you’ll be shocked at how much you can learn about moats and competitive advantages from biology. If you’re in biology, you’ll be shocked at how much you can learn about growth limits and evolution from business.
如果你从事商业活动，你会惊讶地发现你可以从生物学中学到这么多关于护城河和竞争优势的知识。如果你学的是生物学，你会惊讶地发现你能从商业中学到这么多关于增长极限和进化的知识。
One problem with active learning is that it tends to be siloed, with math taught in one department, chemistry in another, English in a different building. It tends to keep topics boring, and lacking real-world context.
主动学习的一个问题是它往往是孤立的，数学在一个系教授，化学在另一个系教授，英语在另一栋大楼教授。它往往会让话题变得无聊，并且缺乏现实世界的背景。
But if you study broadly enough you’ll see how interconnected every field is – many fields fall under an umbrella of “how the world deals with uncertainty and competition.” If you find something that is true in more than one field, you’ve probably uncovered something particularly important. The more fields it shows up in, the more likely it is to be a fundamental driver of how the world works.
但如果你研究得足够广泛，你就会发现每个领域是如何相互关联的——许多领域都属于“世界如何应对不确定性和竞争”的范畴。如果你发现某些东西在多个领域都是正确的，那么你可能发现了一些特别重要的东西。它出现的领域越多，它就越有可能成为世界运转的基本驱动力。
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**2. Give employees time to think. Give yourself time to ponder. **
2.给员工思考的时间。给自己时间思考。
If you, as a boss, expect that learning stops at graduation and employees are merely meant to produce work, you will get the kind of employees you deserve.
如果你作为老板，期望学习在毕业时停止，而员工只是为了创造工作，那么你将得到你应得的员工。
In 1870, 46% of jobs were in agriculture, and 35% were in crafts or manufacturing, according to economist Robert Gordon. Few professions relied on a worker’s brain. You didn’t think; you labored, without interruption, and your work was visible and tangible.
经济学家罗伯特·戈登 (Robert Gordon) 表示，1870 年，46% 的工作岗位来自农业，35% 属于手工艺或制造业。很少有职业依赖于工人的大脑。你没想到；你不间断地工作，而且你的工作是看得见、摸得着的。
Today, that’s flipped. 今天，情况发生了逆转。
Thirty-eight percent of jobs are now designated as “managers, officials, and professionals.” These are decision-making jobs. Another 41% are service jobs that often rely on your thoughts as much as your actions.
百分之三十八的工作现在被指定为“经理、官员和专业人员”。这些都是决策工作。另外 41% 是服务性工作，这些工作通常依赖于您的想法和行动。
So many of these employees will do better work if they are given time to think, learn, ponder, discuss, and let their minds roam. But they often can’t, because so many bosses expect them to be at their desk, typing, moving a mouse, 40 hours a week until age 65.
如果给这些员工时间去思考、学习、深思、讨论并让他们的思绪漫游，他们中的许多人将会做得更好。但他们常常做不到，因为很多老板希望他们每周在办公桌前打字、移动鼠标 40 个小时，直到 65 岁。
Without time to passively think and learn, your education stalls between age 18 and 22, most of which likely consisted of active learning. It seems bizarre that as a boss you should give your employees idle time to do things that don’t look like productive work. But so many successful people found their key educational experiences during free time, passively, driven by their own curiosity and wandering minds.
如果没有时间被动思考和学习，您的教育就会在 18 岁至 22 岁之间停滞不前，其中大部分可能包括主动学习。作为老板，你应该给员工空闲时间去做那些看起来不像高效工作的事情，这似乎很奇怪。但许多成功人士在空闲时间被动地、在自己的好奇心和游离的思维驱动下发现了他们的关键教育经历。
The differences in outcomes among people with the same formal education are enormous, and a big reason why is that some people find the time to value passive learning, and others don’t.
接受过相同正规教育的人之间的结果差异巨大，一个重要原因是有些人有时间重视被动学习，而另一些人则没有。